Which type of ingredients are considered emollients?

Emollients are substances that help to soften and smooth the skin. They primarily work by creating a barrier on the skin's surface, which helps to lock in moisture and prevent water loss. Oils and fatty ingredients are classic examples of emollients as they have the ability to penetrate the skin and provide a layer of protection and hydration. These components are typically found in creams, lotions, and ointments, contributing to their moisturizing properties.

Water-soluble substances do not have the same thick, occlusive qualities that emollients possess, which limits their effectiveness in softening the skin. Active ingredients typically refer to those that perform a specific function such as treating acne or providing anti-aging benefits, rather than focusing on providing moisture. Preservatives, on the other hand, serve the purpose of preventing microbial growth in cosmetic products and do not contribute to emollient activity. Thus, oils or fatty ingredients are rightly identified as emollients due to their primary role in hydration and skin barrier support.