What method is used to kill bacteria when utilizing steam and high pressure?

The method utilized to kill bacteria using steam and high pressure is known as sterilization. This process involves the application of high temperatures that effectively eliminate all forms of microbial life, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores. Steam sterilization typically employs an autoclave, which uses pressurized steam to reach temperatures that are sufficient to destroy all microorganisms, ensuring that the instruments or materials are completely free from any viable pathogens.

In contrast, the other methods listed—disinfection, sanitation, and UV light sterilization—do not completely eradicate all microorganisms. Disinfection reduces the number of harmful microorganisms on surfaces, but may not necessarily kill all bacteria or spores. Sanitation is the process of reducing microorganisms to safe levels according to public health standards, while UV light sterilization employs ultraviolet rays that can inactivate certain pathogens but may not provide the comprehensive elimination that steam sterilization offers. Thus, the correct method for killing bacteria through steam and high pressure falls within the realm of sterilization.